Increasing the proportion of renewable energy derived from biomass in the country's overall energy mix is one initiative. In the meantime, Indonesia is working toward its goal of reaching Net Zero Emissions by the year 2060. Considering the massive potential of seaweed, Indonesia is being challenged to improve its use and added value by diversifying its product for use in various industries, including food, feed, fertilizer, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In contrast, only a percentage of the total is exported in a processed form, offering incredible economic benefits in sectors like the food and pharmaceutical industries. Moreover, most of Indonesia's seaweed exports are raw materials with limited added value. are the most often used species in industrial applications. However, Gracillaria sp., Gelidium sp., and Euchema sp. ![]() Production in 2019 is expected to reach 9.9 million tons, making Indonesia the world's second-largest seaweed producer behind China. For generations, maritime societies have relied on seaweed for food and medicine. Indonesia, which boasts one of the world's longest coastlines and largest ocean areas, is home to various unusual marine species. However, as an alternative to terrestrial biomass, macroalgae are an appealing option considering that they are aquatic species that can thrive in the ocean, have a rapid growth rate, do not require arable land, and have a significant organic matter content. The utilization of lignocellulosic biomass still needs to improve with competition for land and freshwater use, besides the need for fertilizers. This is because biomass is regarded as carbon neutral, unlike fossil fuels. In addition, many governments have set the goal of reaching Net Zero Emissions by 2050, and renewable energy has been considered a vital part of that effort. Consequently, there is widespread support around the globe for replacing fossil fuels with sustainable energy sources like biomass. A great energy crisis has directly resulted from the unstable international political scenario. ![]() The reliance on fossil fuels alone is problematic on multiple fronts, including the economy and the environment. These findings highlighted that the proposed model could be used to accurately predict the pyrolysis process's behavior. The rate constant of tar formation was found to be 0.0013/s at 400 ☌ 0.0023/s at 500 ☌ and 0.0033/s at 600 ☌, respectively, with the reaction order being higher than one (1.25). Tar yield increased with reaction temperature, reflecting an order of reaction greater than one for tar production. N-aromatic groups and phenol were observed from pyro-oil at 500 ☌ and 600 ☌, respectively. In addition, the high reaction temperature resulted in more generations of heavy tar and a considerable enhancement in aromatization degree. The highest pyro-oil and pyro-gas yields were obtained at 600 ☌, which reached 67 wt% and 27 wt%, respectively, when the reaction times were prolonged (30–90 min). ![]() Non-catalytic pyrolysis of brown macroalgae (Padina sp.) was studied in a batch reactor at temperature ranges of 400–600 ☌ and 10–90 min reaction times on the product distribution and conversion rate behavior.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |